Anna Karenina

Film

• 1911: Anna Karenine (1911 film), a Russian adaptation directed by Maurice André Maître.^[16][17]
• 1914: Anna Karenina (1914 film), a Russian adaptation directed by Vladimir Gardin
• 1915: Anna Karenina (1915 film), an American version starring Danish actress Betty Nansen
• 1927: Love (1927 film), an American version, starring Greta Garbo and directed by Edmund Goulding. This version featured significant changes from the novel and had two different endings, with a happy one for American audiences
• 1935: Anna Karenina (1935 film), starring Greta Garbo and Fredric March and directed by Clarence Brown
• 1948: Anna Karenina (1948 film) starring Vivien Leigh, Ralph Richardson and directed by Julien Duvivier
• 1953: Anna Karenina (1953 film), a Russian version directed by Tatyana Lukashevich
• 1960: Nahr al-Hob (River of Love), an Egyptian movie directed by Ezzel Dine Zulficar
• 1967: Anna Karenina (1967 film), a Russian version directed by Alexander Zarkhi
• 1977: Anna Karenina, a 1977 ten-episode BBC series, directed by Basil Coleman and starred Nicola Pagett, Eric Porter and Stuart Wilson.^[18][19]
• 1976/1979: Anna Karenina (1976 film), film of the Bolshoi Ballet production, directed by Margarita Pilikhina, first released in Finland in 1976. U.S. release in 1979^{[20][unreliable source?][21][unreliable source?]}
• 1985: Anna Karenina (1985 film), a TV Movie starring Jacqueline Bisset and Christopher Reeve, directed by Simon Langton
• 1997: Anna Karenina (1997 film), the first American version filmed entirely in Russia, directed by Bernard Rose and starring Sophie Marceau and Sean Bean
• 2000: Anna Karenina (2000 TV mini-series), a British version by David Blair and starring Helen McCrory and Kevin McKidd^[22]
• 2012: Anna Karenina (2012 film), a British version by Joe Wright from a screenplay by Tom Stoppard, starring Keira Knightley and Jude Law

Anna Karenina in literature

• The novel is referenced in Vladimir Nabokov's Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle.
• Repeated reference is made explicitly to Leo Tolstoy and Anna Karenina in Muriel Barbery's Elegance of the Hedgehog.
• Anna Karenina is also mentioned in R. L. Stine's Goosebumps series Don't Go To Sleep, in which the lead character has trouble pronouncing Kitty's name.
• Mikhail Bulgakov makes reference to the Oblonsky household and Tolstoy in The Master and Margarita.
• In Jasper Fforde's novel Lost in a Good Book, a recurring joke is two unnamed "crowd-scene" characters from Anna Karenina discussing its plot.
• In the short-story "Sleep" by Haruki Murakami, the main character, an insomniac housewife, spends much time reading through and considering Anna Karenina. Furthermore, in the short story "Super-Frog Saves Tokyo," by the same author, the character of Frog references Anna Karenina when discussing how to beat Worm.
• Martin Amis's character Lev, in the novel House of Meetings, compares the protagonist with Anna Karenina's Vronsky.
• In the novel The Unbearable Lightness of Being, Anna Karenina is compared with the novel-like beauty of life, and Tereza arrives at Tomas's apartment with a copy of the book under her arm. In addition, Tereza and Tomas have a pet dog named Karenin, after Anna's husband.
• Anna Karenina plays a central role in Nilo Cruz's Pulitzer Prize-winning play Anna in the Tropics (2002), set in 1929, as a new lector, Juan Julian, reads the text as background for cigar rollers in the Ybor City section of Tampa, FL. As he reads the story of adultery, the workers' passions are inflamed, and end in tragedy like Anna's.
• In The Slippery Slope, the 10th book in A Series of Unfortunate Events by Lemony Snicket, the Baudelaire orphans, Violet and Klaus, and the third Quagmire triplet, Quigley, need to use the central theme of Anna Karenina as the final password to open the Vernacularly Fastened Door leading to the V.F.D. Headquarters. Klaus remembered how his mother had read it to him one summer when he was young as a summer reading book. Klaus summarized the theme with these words: "The central theme of Anna Karenina is that a rural life of moral simplicity, despite its monotony, is the preferable personal narrative to a daring life of impulsive passion, which only leads to tragedy." Esme Squalor, who had abandoned her mild-mannered husband in favor of running away with an immoral count, later said she once was supposed to read the book over the summer, but she decided it would never help her in her life and threw it in the fireplace.
• Guns, Germs, and Steel (by Jared Diamond) has a chapter (#9) on the domestication of large mammals, titled "Zebras, Unhappy Marriages, and the Anna Karenina Principle." This chapter begins with a variation on the quote above, "Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way."
• in Nicholas Sparks's book The Last Song, the main character, Ronnie, reads Anna Karenina and other Tolstoy books throughout the story.
• in Anton Chekhov's The Duel, there are two references. In Chapter II: "And he remembered that when Anna Karenin got tired of her husband, what she disliked most of all was his ears, and thought: 'How true it is, how true!'" In Chapter XII: "It's not for nothing they whistle. The fact that girls strangle their illegitimate children and go to prison for it, and that Anna Karenin flung herself under the train ..."
• in Allison Bechdel's graphic-novel Fun Home. Tolstoy's book is featured on the first page and is the first of many books mentioned throughout the narrative. Bechdel suggestively depicts father Bruce Bechdel reading the novel.
• In Cynthia Voigt's book A Solitary Blue, Voigt quotes Anna Karenina's opening line: Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.
• In Emily Perkin's short story, "Circles," the book is referenced heavily and parallels are drawn between Anna Karenina's emotional loss of Vronsky and a teenaged girl's loss of a family member.
• In Howard Jacobson's novel Coming from Behind Anna Karenina is the main topic of competitive discussion among rivals for the Disraeli Fellowship at Cambridge University, a rivalry won in a backhanded sort of way by the protagonist, Sefton Goldberg.