Macrocyte
Red blood
cells of large diameter.
Macula
The macula
is a small yellow depression located on the retina where the optic axis leads .
Manus
Manus is
the Latin word for hand.
Nevus pigmentary
· Nevi nevi
or moles
· The
melanocytic nevus ( mole ) is developing a patch to the skin and whose size
is variable, ranging from a few millimeters to a few centimeters in diameter.
Its color
also varies , ranging from pale yellow to dark brown.
Its
thickness is variable. It can be covered with scabs and / or sometimes
surmounted by a hair.
· Most
nevi are benign , but their presence requires regular dermatological
surveillance to detect their possible evolution (change of shape, color ... )
and prevent the risk of degeneration into a skin cancer , melanoma .
Nostrils
Nostrils
The nostrils are the openings of the nose.
The choanal
nostrils and are of communication ports of the nasal cavity , the two cavities
located in the middle of the face .
Previous
orifices , nostrils, open to the front face of the form and communicate with
the nasal cavity outside , while the rear openings , the choanal , open in the
nasopharynx.
The choanal
are smaller because they are constricted by the mucosal lining and which
contributes to the air filter .
Natriuresis
Or
natriuresis . Sodium content in the urine
Obese
· The World
Health Organization defined obesity as an index of over 30 body weight, while
overweight is defined by a ratio of greater than 25 body mass.
- The body
mass index is calculated by dividing weight (in kg) and height squared ( in
meters ): Weight ( kg)
Size (2) (
m) - Many diseases or organ dysfunction may be associated with obesity : ->
The pseudohypoparathyroïdies - > Diabetes type II -> Cushing's Disease -
> The hyperlipidemia - > in myxedema of hypothyroidism -> Prader
-Willi ..
Obst
Obst .
stands for obstetrics is the branch of medicine that deals with pregnancy and
childbirth .
Obtuseness
Disturbance
of consciousness manifested by slow intellectual and sensory functions and a
lack of attention.
PAF
Abbreviation
of platelet activating factor , that is to say, platelet activating factor .
Factor (
phospholipid ) released during certain allergic reactions , causing , in
addition to its role in bringing in heaps of blood platelets , bronchial
constriction ( in asthma ) , decreased blood pressure and promotes tissue
infiltration by a fluid ( edema ) .
Palilalie
Speech
disorder in which the subject repeats the same idea or unintentionally the same
word.
Q.i.d.
Q.i.d. :
Medical abbreviation Quater in Die ( four times daily ) . Rather used in
Anglo-Saxon . In France , the abbreviation is : 4 x / d
Quadriplegia
Medical
term meaning paralysis of four limbs due to central or peripheral nerve damage.
Quinine
Alkaloid
extracted from cinchona bark , has the property to reduce fever and whose
derivatives are used in the treatment of malaria.
Fifth
Access
successive cough.
Rabic
Which
relates to rabies.
Spine
Spine
.hypophosphatemic rickets
· Rickets
, as osteomalacia are characterized by defective bone mineralization and
cartilage bone growth ( in children) .
· Rickets
is clinically manifested by bone pain associated with bone deformities ( bowing
of long bones, frontal bossing , depressed chest ... ) , fractures and
disorders of growth.
· In early
childhood , other symptoms may be present such as apathy , irritability ,
muscle weakness may interfere with the independence movement .
· The
causes of rickets are multiple: -
>Vitamin
D deficiency : lack of capital, lack of sun exposure , digestive malabsorption
, abnormal metabolism of vitamin D , hypophosphatemia
... - >
Target organ resistance to the action of vitamin D -
> chronic renal failure -
>
regulation disorders of phosphate or calcium -
> metabolic acidosis , certain medications
or poisoning (lead, cadmium , aluminum ... ) ...
Saccharin
succédané
chemical sugar, flavored with it ( sweetness ), but not its nutritional value.
Sacrum
Triangular
bone located between the fifth lumbar vertebra and the coccyx, the last bone of
the spine .
The sacrum
is the part of the spine between the lumbar spine and the coccyx .
It consists
of five fused vertebrae to each other which form a single bone structure .
The sacrum
has a median sacral crest (located along the posterior surface of the sacrum )
resulting from the fusion of the spinous processes of the vertebrae component .
Under this
sacral crest is the sacral canal , a tunnel from the top of the sacrum to a
hiatus ( opening ) near its base.
Four pairs
of holes ( sacred hole) pierce the sacrum on each side of the midline ( center)
where the intermediate sacral crest formed by the fusion of the articular
processes of the vertebrae that compose it.
On each
side of the middle sacral crest is a lateral sacral crest formed by the fusion
of the transverse processes of the vertebrae.
Thus ,
unlike the upper vertebrae of the spine , there is no inter - transversaires
ligaments in the sacrum they are replaced by merging the apophyses .
Peaks do not
appear on the front of the sacrum , but the sacred holes are clearly visible.
Blood
The blood
is placed in an organic liquid movement ( sucked and discharged ) by the heart
and circulates in all the arteries , veins and capillaries.
It consists
of plasma , white cells (leukocytes ) , red blood cells (erythrocytes ) and
platelets (thrombocytes ) .
Blood is
one of three main body fluids ( the other two are located around the liquid and
within the cells) .
It carries
oxygen , nutrients and hormonal messengers to every cell of the body and waste
from them.
It also has
a role in defending the body against foreign bodies .
An adult
has about 3.1019 blood cells. Each cubic millimeter of blood contains 4.5 to
5.5 million red blood cells and 7,500 white blood cells on average .
Blood is
made up of four main components : red blood cells , white blood cells ,
platelets and plasma. Red and white blood cells are destroyed and the body
continually produces new times. About 2.5 million red blood cells die every
second and about 2.5 million new cells are produced at the same time .
T.i.d.
T.i.d. :
Medical abbreviation Ter in die ( three times daily ) . Used mainly in Anglo-
Saxon countries. In France we prefer the abbreviation : 3 x / day
T3 lowered
· T3 or
tri- thyroxine or T4 and iodithyronine are thyroid hormone whose synthesis by
the thyroid gland is under the control of TSH and requires an adequate
intake of iodine.
· The synthesis
of thyroid hormones and thus their blood levels , will therefore depend on
several factors which are , in particular , the amount of iodine taken up by
the thyroid, the functional state of the thyroid gland , stimulating his or her
freination TSH or other products.
· Hyperthyroidism
is associated with an increase of T4 , a high or a normal T3 and TSH usually
low .
· Hypothyroidism
usually see a low T4, normal T3 and lowered ( its dosage is not required for
diagnosis ) and high or low depending on the cause of hypothyroidism TSH .
· Some
diseases or drug taken (such as amiodarone , carbamazepine ... ) may be
accompanied by an increase in T4, T3 with a low or high normal TSH .
Taenia
Or tapeworm
or tapeworm .
Flatworm
segmented the order of tapeworms , intestinal parasite .
Ulceration
Loss of
substance of the skin or mucous membrane , which heal with difficulty.
ulcer
An ulcer is
a break in the skin or mucous membrane caused by an inflammatory , infectious
or malignant process . Ulcers often contains pus.
Ulite
Or
gingivitis . Inflammation of the gums .
Hives
Hives
Urticaria
(from the Latin urtica : nettle) is made of a rash erythematous papules ,
sometimes white opal center and outskirts, sharply defined contours , whose
size can vary from a few millimeters to several centimeters , or coalesce into
large plaques .
This
papular rash is itchy and fleeting (see pruritus) .
The angioedema
or angioedema is a variety of urticaria , subcutaneous , non-itchy .
It is
potentially serious in its localization to the upper airways ( glottis , larynx ... ) with risk
of asphyxiation
Urticaria
is particularly common , it is estimated that 20 % of patients will present an
urticarial episode in their lives.
There are:
- acute urticaria , the duration does not exceed three weeks , and represent
75% of the hives . Their cause is usually found in general food , drug or
contact ( animals, plants, chemicals ...) - recurrent hives is urticaria which
pushed succeed in life. They have the same difficulties as chronic urticaria
etiological diagnosis. - Chronic urticaria whose duration exceeds 6 weeks ( up
to 3 months according to some authors ) . They represent, in general
population, 15-25 % of hives . Often , the cause does not appear so obvious and
requires an assessment .
Chronic
urticaria can be original : - Physical : Mechanical ( dermographisme , vibration , pressure) ,
cholinergic , warm , cold , water , solar , adrenergic receptors. - Contact
allergic or not: animals , plants, drugs ... may have an occupational cause . -
Common : food cause, drug , infectious , or due to environmental allergens ...
- Systemic : urticarial vasculitis , connective tissue ( lupus erythematosus )
... - Other causes polycythemia vera , hyperthyroidism ... - Genetic :
angioneurotic edema hereditary ... - It is not uncommon that at the end of the
balance sheet , no origin is found . These hives , tell chronic idiopathic
urticaria are actually waiting for a diagnosis.
Vaccine
A vaccine
is a preparation containing microorganisms that are either inactivated bacteria
or germs killed. This preparation is administered in order to immunize the body
against infectious diseases.
Vacuole
Cavity of
the vibrant and organized around the nucleus ( cytoplasm ) substance.
ship
Body's
natural channel in which circulates the blood or lymph (liquid fluid , clear
and slightly yellow in color , which bathes the tissues). One distinguishes
arteries, veins and capillaries .
Valve
Membranous
fold preventing liquid from flowing back into the ducts and vessels of the
body.
Western Blot
The Western
Blot is a blood test to look for certain antigens .
Willebrand
factor -von
Protein
normally present in the blood , which is essential to platelet aggregation
during coagulation . Its absence causes von Willebrand disease .
Wormien
Wormien
says each small supernumerary bones meshed in the sutures of the skull.
Xanthodermie
Yellowing
of the skin.
This term
also refers to a mild jaundice (or jaundice, yellowing of the skin and mucous
membranes due to the accumulation of bile pigment - bilirubin - secreted by the
liver ) in the feet , hands and nose, occurring during the Gilbert's
syndrome ( or Gilbert's syndrome), a disease characterized by abnormal
conversion of the bile pigments .
Xerosis
Xerosis :
transformation of the surface layer of the skin which gradually dries up and
withers .
Xerostomia
Xerostomia
Xerostomia :
-reduction
or depletion of salivary secretions with a dry mouth as in Sjogren's syndrome .
Yersin
( bacillus )
Bacterial
agent of plague (epidemic bacterial disease characterized by the appearance of
buboes ( bubonic plague ) or signs of pulmonary inflammation ( pneumonic plague
) .
Eyes
The eyeball
is set in adipose tissue inside the eye sockets ( two bony notches ) located in
the skull, above and laterally from the center .
Of all the senses, sight is the one that is
often considered the most important.
Estimated
four-fifths of all our knowledge enter the brain through the eyes.
Eyes
transmit constant flow to the brain images , in the form of electrical signals
.
Eyes
receive information transmitted by the light rays .
These are
absorbed or reflected .
Objects
that absorb all the light rays appear black , while those who think all appear
white . Colored objects absorb parts of the light spectrum and reflect others.
When you
look at something , light rays reflected from the object enters the eye.
The light
is refracted by the cornea and passes through the aqueous humor and the
transparent pupil to reach the lens .
The iris
control the light intensity entering the eye.
The lens
focuses the light passing through the vitreous to the retina to reach , thus
forming an inverted image and in reverse.
The
photosensitive cells of the retina transmit this image to the brain by means of
electrical signals . The brain "sees " the image area.
Yoga
This
discipline provides an immediate sensation of well-being and in the long term ,
contribute to the harmonious development of personality.
This quest
for harmony between body, mind and spirit could not be more soothing.
Lisp
Trouble
pronunciation in which the " j " and " g " are replaced by
a soft "z" .
Shingles
Shingles is
a viral infection caused by a type of herpes virus ( VZV ), which after
chickenpox , moved so latent in the sensory ganglia .
It is
common in adults and its frequency increases with age.
Once
reactivated, the virus will spread along the sensory nerve (most often it
reaches the dorsal nerves , lumbar and the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal
nerve) .
It is
responsible , in the territory of the nerve and considered unilaterally
manifestations of sensory nerve ( decreased sensitivity , pain, itching ,
tingling ... ) above a few days the skin lesions ( macules , papules, vesicles,
pustules and crusts ) .
Eye
location shingles exposed to acute lesions ( keratitis, iritis , retinal
disease ) and their sequelae.
Painful
sequelae of herpes zoster occur especially as the subject is elderly or
immunocompromised .
Complications
of shingles can be drive ( paralysis that most often regress ) , reaching the
spinal cord, diffuse and focal encephalitis , cerebral vasculitis . These
complications are much more frequent than the subject is immunocompromised .
Zoose
Parasitic
disease whose agent is transmitted to humans by animals .
Zygote
A zygote is
an egg resulting from the fertilization of an ovum by a spermatozoon
