Medical vocabulary

Macrocyte

Red blood cells of large diameter.

Macula

The macula is a small yellow depression located on the retina where the optic axis leads .

Manus

Manus is the Latin word for hand.

Nevus pigmentary

· Nevi nevi or moles

· The melanocytic nevus ( mole ) is developing a patch to the skin and whose size is variable, ranging from a few millimeters to a few centimeters in diameter.

Its color also varies , ranging from pale yellow to dark brown.

Its thickness is variable. It can be covered with scabs and / or sometimes surmounted by a hair.

· Most nevi are benign , but their presence requires regular dermatological surveillance to detect their possible evolution (change of shape, color ... ) and prevent the risk of degeneration into a skin cancer , melanoma .

Nostrils

Nostrils The nostrils are the openings of the nose.

The choanal nostrils and are of communication ports of the nasal cavity , the two cavities located in the middle of the face .

Previous orifices , nostrils, open to the front face of the form and communicate with the nasal cavity outside , while the rear openings , the choanal , open in the nasopharynx.

The choanal are smaller because they are constricted by the mucosal lining and which contributes to the air filter .

Natriuresis

Or natriuresis . Sodium content in the urine

Obese

· The World Health Organization defined obesity as an index of over 30 body weight, while overweight is defined by a ratio of greater than 25 body mass.

- The body mass index is calculated by dividing weight (in kg) and height squared ( in meters ): Weight ( kg)

Size (2) ( m) - Many diseases or organ dysfunction may be associated with obesity : -> The pseudohypoparathyroïdies - > Diabetes type II -> Cushing's Disease - > The hyperlipidemia - > in myxedema of hypothyroidism -> Prader -Willi ..

Obst

Obst . stands for obstetrics is the branch of medicine that deals with pregnancy and childbirth .

Obtuseness

Disturbance of consciousness manifested by slow intellectual and sensory functions and a lack of attention.

PAF

Abbreviation of platelet activating factor , that is to say, platelet activating factor .

Factor ( phospholipid ) released during certain allergic reactions , causing , in addition to its role in bringing in heaps of blood platelets , bronchial constriction ( in asthma ) , decreased blood pressure and promotes tissue infiltration by a fluid ( edema ) .

Palilalie

Speech disorder in which the subject repeats the same idea or unintentionally the same word.

Q.i.d.

Q.i.d. : Medical abbreviation Quater in Die ( four times daily ) . Rather used in Anglo-Saxon . In France , the abbreviation is : 4 x / d

Quadriplegia

Medical term meaning paralysis of four limbs due to central or peripheral nerve damage.

Quinine

Alkaloid extracted from cinchona bark , has the property to reduce fever and whose derivatives are used in the treatment of malaria.

Fifth

Access successive cough.

Rabic

Which relates to rabies.

Spine

Spine .hypophosphatemic rickets

· Rickets , as osteomalacia are characterized by defective bone mineralization and cartilage bone growth ( in children) .

· Rickets is clinically manifested by bone pain associated with bone deformities ( bowing of long bones, frontal bossing , depressed chest ... ) , fractures and disorders of growth.

· In early childhood , other symptoms may be present such as apathy , irritability , muscle weakness may interfere with the independence movement .

· The causes of rickets are multiple: -

>Vitamin D deficiency : lack of capital, lack of sun exposure , digestive malabsorption , abnormal metabolism of vitamin D , hypophosphatemia

... - > Target organ resistance to the action of vitamin D -

 > chronic renal failure -

> regulation disorders of phosphate or calcium -

 > metabolic acidosis , certain medications or poisoning (lead, cadmium , aluminum ... ) ...

Saccharin

succédané chemical sugar, flavored with it ( sweetness ), but not its nutritional value.

Sacrum

Triangular bone located between the fifth lumbar vertebra and the coccyx, the last bone of the spine .

The sacrum is the part of the spine between the lumbar spine and the coccyx .

It consists of five fused vertebrae to each other which form a single bone structure .

The sacrum has a median sacral crest (located along the posterior surface of the sacrum ) resulting from the fusion of the spinous processes of the vertebrae component .

Under this sacral crest is the sacral canal , a tunnel from the top of the sacrum to a hiatus ( opening ) near its base.

Four pairs of holes ( sacred hole) pierce the sacrum on each side of the midline ( center) where the intermediate sacral crest formed by the fusion of the articular processes of the vertebrae that compose it.

On each side of the middle sacral crest is a lateral sacral crest formed by the fusion of the transverse processes of the vertebrae.

Thus , unlike the upper vertebrae of the spine , there is no inter - transversaires ligaments in the sacrum they are replaced by merging the apophyses .

Peaks do not appear on the front of the sacrum , but the sacred holes are clearly visible.

Blood

The blood is placed in an organic liquid movement ( sucked and discharged ) by the heart and circulates in all the arteries , veins and capillaries.

It consists of plasma , white cells (leukocytes ) , red blood cells (erythrocytes ) and platelets (thrombocytes ) .

Blood is one of three main body fluids ( the other two are located around the liquid and within the cells) .

It carries oxygen , nutrients and hormonal messengers to every cell of the body and waste from them.

It also has a role in defending the body against foreign bodies .

An adult has about 3.1019 blood cells. Each cubic millimeter of blood contains 4.5 to 5.5 million red blood cells and 7,500 white blood cells on average .

Blood is made up of four main components : red blood cells , white blood cells , platelets and plasma. Red and white blood cells are destroyed and the body continually produces new times. About 2.5 million red blood cells die every second and about 2.5 million new cells are produced at the same time .

T.i.d.

T.i.d. : Medical abbreviation Ter in die ( three times daily ) . Used mainly in Anglo- Saxon countries. In France we prefer the abbreviation : 3 x / day

T3 lowered

· T3 or tri- thyroxine or T4 and iodithyronine are thyroid hormone whose synthesis by the thyroid gland is under the control of TSH and requires an adequate intake of iodine.

· The synthesis of thyroid hormones and thus their blood levels , will therefore depend on several factors which are , in particular , the amount of iodine taken up by the thyroid, the functional state of the thyroid gland , stimulating his or her freination TSH or other products.

· Hyperthyroidism is associated with an increase of T4 , a high or a normal T3 and TSH usually low .

· Hypothyroidism usually see a low T4, normal T3 and lowered ( its dosage is not required for diagnosis ) and high or low depending on the cause of hypothyroidism TSH .

· Some diseases or drug taken (such as amiodarone , carbamazepine ... ) may be accompanied by an increase in T4, T3 with a low or high normal TSH .

Taenia

Or tapeworm or tapeworm .

Flatworm segmented the order of tapeworms , intestinal parasite .

Ulceration

Loss of substance of the skin or mucous membrane , which heal with difficulty.

ulcer

An ulcer is a break in the skin or mucous membrane caused by an inflammatory , infectious or malignant process . Ulcers often contains pus.

Ulite

Or gingivitis . Inflammation of the gums .

Hives

Hives

Urticaria (from the Latin urtica : nettle) is made ​​of a rash erythematous papules , sometimes white opal center and outskirts, sharply defined contours , whose size can vary from a few millimeters to several centimeters , or coalesce into large plaques .

This papular rash is itchy and fleeting (see pruritus) .

The angioedema or angioedema is a variety of urticaria , subcutaneous , non-itchy .

It is potentially serious in its localization to the upper airways ( glottis , larynx ... ) with risk of asphyxiation

Urticaria is particularly common , it is estimated that 20 % of patients will present an urticarial episode in their lives.

There are: - acute urticaria , the duration does not exceed three weeks , and represent 75% of the hives . Their cause is usually found in general food , drug or contact ( animals, plants, chemicals ...) - recurrent hives is urticaria which pushed succeed in life. They have the same difficulties as chronic urticaria etiological diagnosis. - Chronic urticaria whose duration exceeds 6 weeks ( up to 3 months according to some authors ) . They represent, in general population, 15-25 % of hives . Often , the cause does not appear so obvious and requires an assessment .

Chronic urticaria can be original : - Physical : Mechanical ( dermographisme , vibration , pressure) , cholinergic , warm , cold , water , solar , adrenergic receptors. - Contact allergic or not: animals , plants, drugs ... may have an occupational cause . - Common : food cause, drug , infectious , or due to environmental allergens ... - Systemic : urticarial vasculitis , connective tissue ( lupus erythematosus ) ... - Other causes polycythemia vera , hyperthyroidism ... - Genetic : angioneurotic edema hereditary ... - It is not uncommon that at the end of the balance sheet , no origin is found . These hives , tell chronic idiopathic urticaria are actually waiting for a diagnosis.

Vaccine

A vaccine is a preparation containing microorganisms that are either inactivated bacteria or germs killed. This preparation is administered in order to immunize the body against infectious diseases.

Vacuole

Cavity of the vibrant and organized around the nucleus ( cytoplasm ) substance.

ship

Body's natural channel in which circulates the blood or lymph (liquid fluid , clear and slightly yellow in color , which bathes the tissues). One distinguishes arteries, veins and capillaries .

Valve

Membranous fold preventing liquid from flowing back into the ducts and vessels of the body.

Western Blot

The Western Blot is a blood test to look for certain antigens .

Willebrand factor -von

Protein normally present in the blood , which is essential to platelet aggregation during coagulation . Its absence causes von Willebrand disease .

Wormien

Wormien says each small supernumerary bones meshed in the sutures of the skull.

Xanthodermie

Yellowing of the skin.

This term also refers to a mild jaundice (or jaundice, yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes due to the accumulation of bile pigment - bilirubin - secreted by the liver ) in the feet , hands and nose, occurring during the Gilbert's syndrome ( or Gilbert's syndrome), a disease characterized by abnormal conversion of the bile pigments .

Xerosis

Xerosis : transformation of the surface layer of the skin which gradually dries up and withers .

Xerostomia

Xerostomia Xerostomia :

-reduction or depletion of salivary secretions with a dry mouth as in Sjogren's syndrome .

Yersin ( bacillus )

Bacterial agent of plague (epidemic bacterial disease characterized by the appearance of buboes ( bubonic plague ) or signs of pulmonary inflammation ( pneumonic plague ) .

Eyes

The eyeball is set in adipose tissue inside the eye sockets ( two bony notches ) located in the skull, above and laterally from the center .

 Of all the senses, sight is the one that is often considered the most important.

Estimated four-fifths of all our knowledge enter the brain through the eyes.

Eyes transmit constant flow to the brain images , in the form of electrical signals .

Eyes receive information transmitted by the light rays .

These are absorbed or reflected .

Objects that absorb all the light rays appear black , while those who think all appear white . Colored objects absorb parts of the light spectrum and reflect others.

When you look at something , light rays reflected from the object enters the eye.

The light is refracted by the cornea and passes through the aqueous humor and the transparent pupil to reach the lens .

The iris control the light intensity entering the eye.

The lens focuses the light passing through the vitreous to the retina to reach , thus forming an inverted image and in reverse.

The photosensitive cells of the retina transmit this image to the brain by means of electrical signals . The brain "sees " the image area.

Yoga

This discipline provides an immediate sensation of well-being and in the long term , contribute to the harmonious development of personality.

This quest for harmony between body, mind and spirit could not be more soothing.

Lisp

Trouble pronunciation in which the " j " and " g " are replaced by a soft "z" .

Shingles

Shingles is a viral infection caused by a type of herpes virus ( VZV ), which after chickenpox , moved so latent in the sensory ganglia .

It is common in adults and its frequency increases with age.

Once reactivated, the virus will spread along the sensory nerve (most often it reaches the dorsal nerves , lumbar and the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve) .

It is responsible , in the territory of the nerve and considered unilaterally manifestations of sensory nerve ( decreased sensitivity , pain, itching , tingling ... ) above a few days the skin lesions ( macules , papules, vesicles, pustules and crusts ) .

Eye location shingles exposed to acute lesions ( keratitis, iritis , retinal disease ) and their sequelae.

Painful sequelae of herpes zoster occur especially as the subject is elderly or immunocompromised .

Complications of shingles can be drive ( paralysis that most often regress ) , reaching the spinal cord, diffuse and focal encephalitis , cerebral vasculitis . These complications are much more frequent than the subject is immunocompromised .

Zoose

Parasitic disease whose agent is transmitted to humans by animals .

Zygote

A zygote is an egg resulting from the fertilization of an ovum by a spermatozoon